Asher Brown Durand Kindred Spirits (1849)Spirits Spot the Differences
Castle in distance
Wolf howling
Ladder
Dog added
Garbage Can
Water Evaporated
String Hanging with person
Airplane present
Missing Mountainri
Blue Flower
Tree top
Spot the Differences
Edgar Degas A Cotton Office in New Orleans (1873)
Man wearing a red hat
A man holding cards
A water bottle added
Someone at the window
Horse painting on the wall
Champagne bottle
Gentlemans face lite up
Hat added on man in right
Broken glass on window near stand
Man beside another man added
Reading glasses on man with newspaper
Before the 1770 invention of rubber erasers, moist bread crumbs were the standard tool for removing graphite. Rolled into small balls, the soft and porous bread effectively lifted pencil marks off paper without damaging the surface. Rubber eventually replaced bread because it was more durable and did not rot.
why-did-people-use-moist-bread-crumbs-to-erase-pencil-marks-before-the-rubber-eraser-was-invented
https://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/intro/medieval.html
https://fineartconnoisseur.com/2017/10/natural-drawing-materials-circa-1500-1800/
https://cypaint.com/article/how-did-people-paint-in-the-1800s
the 1800s, painting techniques and materials underwent significant transformations, reflecting the artistic movements and technological advancements of the time. Artists primarily used oil paints, which were made by mixing pigments with linseed or other drying oils, applied to canvases or wooden panels. The invention of portable paint tubes in the mid-19th century revolutionized the way painters worked, allowing them to create en plein air (outdoors) with greater ease. This period saw the rise of Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism, each influencing how artists approached composition, color, and subject matter. Brushwork became more expressive, with Impressionists like Monet and Renoir using rapid, visible strokes to capture light and movement, while Realists like Courbet focused on meticulous detail and everyday life. The era also witnessed experimentation with new pigments, such as synthetic ultramarine and chrome yellow, expanding the color palette available to artists.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials | Oil paints, watercolors, tempera, and natural pigments derived from minerals, plants, and animals. |
| Supports | Canvas, wood panels, paper (for watercolors), and occasionally copper or ivory. |
| Brushes | Natural hair brushes (sable, hog, or camel hair) of varying sizes. |
| Palettes | Wooden palettes with thumb holes for easy handling. |
| Techniques | Layering (glazing), impasto, alla prima (wet-on-wet), and detailed realism. |
| Subject Matter | Landscapes, portraits, historical scenes, still life, and genre painting. |
| Styles | Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and the beginnings of Impressionism. |
| Lighting | Natural light preferred; gas lighting or candles for indoor work. |
| Outdoor Painting | Increased popularity due to portable easels and paint tubes (introduced in the mid-1800s). |
| Paint Storage | Pigments stored in pig bladders or glass jars; oils in collapsible tubes (after 1841). |
| Varnishing | Final varnish applied to protect and enhance the painting’s appearance. |
| Training | Academic training in art schools, ateliers, or through apprenticeships. |
| Influences | Classical art, nature, and societal changes (industrialization, colonialism). |
| Preservation | Limited use of preservatives; reliance on natural drying and varnishing. |
| Notable Artists | J.M.W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix, Jean-François Millet, and Gustave Courbet. |
Gustave Courbet The Meeting (1854)
Briefcase added
Daisy flower added
Head is bent
Tipped hat not same
Lizard on ground
Stick has a hook
Castlw in back near bag
Bottons added on blue jacket
Dog has a collar
Horse and buggie goes opposite ways
Long beard
Red man's ear showing
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Asher Brown Durand Kindred Spirits (1849)Spirits Spot the Differences Castle in distance Wolf howling Ladder Dog added Garbage Can Water E...